RATIONES RERUM 26 – Rivista di filologia e storia (E-book)

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Virgilio Costa
Artaserse III Ochos e l’alleato riluttante. I rapporti di forza tra la Persia ed Atene alla vigilia della battaglia di Cheronea
pp. 9-21
In 344/3 BC two embassies arrived in Athens almost simultaneously, one sent by Philip II of Macedonia, the other by the Persian king Artaxerxes III Ochos. According to Didymos of Alexandria, the response given to the latter was «more arrogant than necessary». The article proposes to attribute this judgment not to Didymos, but to his main source, the Atthidographer Philochoros.

Enzo Passa
Nel segno di Achille. Atotas, Pilemene e la Paflagonia (CEG 572)
pp. 23-41
A thorough analysis of the language displayed by the fourth-century BCE epitaph of Atotas (CEG 572) shows that it relies on conventional epic vocabulary and imagery to highlight the reputation of the deceased. However, since the text diverges from Homer in significant features, the conclusion may be drawn that it was the work of a well-learned Attic poet. In the second couplet (ll. 4-5), the leader of the Paphlagonians at Troy, Pylaimenes, is mentioned as Atotas’ remote ancestor. The reference to his death at the hands of Achilles is at odds with Homer’s account (Il. 5, 576-579) and is likely to come from an alternative version of the episode. There are grounds to suspect that this version was already widely known at the time of Hellanikos of Lesbos and was connected with the reshaping of both Pylaimenes’ ancestry and the role played by the Paphlagonians in the Trojan War.

Giorgia Oggiano
Frammenti di Timeo nelle Storie di Clitarco di Alessandria
pp. 43-59
The aim of this article is to re-examine the influence of Timaios of Tauromenion (FGrHist 566) on Kleitarchos of Alexandria’s Histories of Alexander the Great (FGrHist 137), offering new arguments to lower Kleitarchos’ traditional chronolog y. The comparison with the Roman Age tradition will explain the origin of the pairing, not infrequent in the accounts of Alexander the Great, between the Asiatic East and the West, as it arose from a tradition which had its founder in Timaios and which Kleitarchos plausibly chose to continue. As a consequence, by reading Timaios, Kleitarchos would have expanded the narrative horizon of the historiography on Alexander, including details relevant to Western Greeks as well, thus reflecting the literary trends of the Early Hellenistic Age.

Edward Dąbrowa
Seleucid and Parthian Kings, and the Babylonian Priests
pp. 61-80
The dominant role of religion in the public life of the Neo-Babylonian state meant that its rulers made considerable efforts to secure the support of the priesthood, especially that of the most important sanctuary, the Esagila temple, dedicated to the worship of the god Marduk. The influence of the Babylonian priesthood was so significant that even the conquerors of Babylonia – the Persian king Cyrus and the first rulers of the Seleucid dynasty – sought their favor. Evidence of these efforts is provided by the so-called Cyrus Cylinder and the Cylinder of Antiochus I. By contrast, no document has come to light that would indicate any contacts between the Babylonian priesthood and the Parthian ruler Mithridates I (171-132 BCE) following the conquest of Babylonia by Parthian forces in 141 BCE. The aim of this article is to identif y the reasons for this absence.

Luis Rivero García
Textual Notes on Horace’s Odes I-II
pp. 81-105
This paper offers fresh discussions and new information on the manuscript and printed transmission of the text of Horace’s Odes I-II.

Carlo Di Giovine
Beneficio e amicizia. Spunti di riflessione a partire dal VI libro del De beneficiis di Seneca
pp. 107-124
In De beneficiis book VI, Seneca discusses several features of benefit and friendship, relating to the figures of doctors and preceptors (6, 15 ff.), the condemnation of obsequium servile (6, 30), and the statement that friends must be searched for in pectore, not in atrio (6, 33-34). Several important connections with Cicero, Laelius de amicitia, are pointed out.

Fátima Aguayo Hidalgo
Josefo y las copias de Manetón: el valor del ἀντίγραφον
pp. 125-141
The article analyzes the term ἀντίγραφον in Flavius Josephus, focusing on the passage Against Apion 1, 83, in which he refers to another copy of Manetho’s Aeg yptiaca. It argues that the term retains its technical sense of “material copy” rather than being an interpolation. By comparing some passages in the Jewish Antiquities (8, 55; 11, 104; 12, 34-35), the study shows that ἀντίγραφον embodies Josephus’ documentary conception of history. The reference to multiple copies reveals his awareness of textual plurality and the need for critical verification. Thus, ἀντίγραφον emerges as both a philological and historiographical marker, illuminating how the Jewish historian, in constructing historical authority, unites fidelity to sources, archival accuracy and apologetic purposes.